The Hudson Highlands around Cold Spring all endure the scars of persistent battering from the guns produced in the West Point Foundry. Not surprisingly, during the War Between the States, the Navy still preferred a smoothbore cannon to rifled. However, depending upon the type of ammunition used, these pounder designations were more theoretical than real. Parrott at the foundry in Cold Spring. The percussion cap would stay in its stagnant position while being loaded and hurled through the air. Brooklyn to move his two 100-pounders to the side of the ship that was not facing the fort.The largest Parrott rifle produced by the West Point Foundry had a caliber of 10 inches and fired a 300-pound projectile. A 30-pounder's overall length was 132.5 inches and it weighed 4,200 pounds which was carried on an 18-pounder siege carriage. Therefore, the shells made at West Point Foundry utilized brass cups. The stronghold was further protected by deep channels that put a mile of water between the island and any solid ground. However, by 1863 Parrott changed the diameter once again to an even three inches and also did away with the muzzle swell.After the War Between the States, the Parrott cannon was no longer of any real service to the Army. He enrolled in the West Point Military Academy in July of 1820. 1 Parrott shells also used a percussion style fuse. The top compartment housed a bursting charge while the bottom compartment was filled with the secret composition. This was because a round shot fired from a smoothbore cannon would skip across the water and still make contact with its target if it fell short. He was then promoted to First Lieutenant on August 27, 1831 and subsequently transferred to Fort Independence, Massachusetts where he remained until 1834. The gun was invented by Captain Robert Parker Parrott, a West Point graduate.
This somewhat dubious ammunition is often called Greek Fire. It was located on Cockspur Island and was casemated on all five sides with 71/2 inch thick walls. There were a few differences for the 100 and 200-pounder versions however. The stronghold was further protected by deep channels that put a mile of water between the island and any solid ground. Like other Parrott rifles, the gun breech was reinforced by a distinctive wrought iron reinforcing band. A 100-pounder, along with a 200-pounder, fired heavy shells at a rugged peak called Crows Nest. In the Winter of 1862 West Point Foundry turned out its first 200-pounder with a diameter of 8 inches. The cost and effectiveness of the Parrott cannon kept the West Point Foundry's furnaces in operation around the clock. Berney's version required 6 pints of the composition for a 100-pounder shell. The guns smashed the walls into piles of rubble and yellow dust. This too was made of brass, but still had one chief difference when compared with the previous models. This somewhat dubious ammunition is often called Greek Fire. Prior to the Parrott rifle, most cannons were constructed of bronze. Although bronze was a strong, stable material for cannon manufacture, it was relatively soft. The Navy looked on the large caliber arms with much disdain. Therefore, if a worker became ill, he still had to work because someone else was in his bed.What Robert Parker Parrott did to counteract the tragic side of an iron cannon, makes the weapon easily distinguishable to Civil War enthusiasts today. This plunger's headpiece attached directly to itself instead of to the body of the projectile. In all there were about 35-40 different style bolts, these solid projectiles were used to pound their way through ironclads.
*10-pounder Parrott rifle (Length of bore, 70 inches; diameter of bore, 2.9 inches; weight of gun, 900 pounds) *Information from Ranges Of Parrott Guns, And Notes For Practice , 1863, page 13. Furthermore, every charge the South attempted to make up the bloody slopes of Malvern Hill was repulsed by the superior Union guns before the Confederates were even in range with their muskets. The news of these tragic occurrences forced Captain James Alden of the U.S.S. It had been used previously by the Russians to deter Napoleon's attacks, and was not a new concept even to them.The first Parrott rifle manufactured by the foundry in 1860 was a 10 pounder. In 1867, Parrott gave up the foundry.
However, the Navy needed weapons with high accuracy at short distances, and this the 200-pounder Parrotts could not deliver. Until this point, the major Southern producers such as Tredgar Iron Works were still pumping out 12-pounder howitzers, 3-inch rifled guns and 6-pounder smoothbores.
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