Case studies of liquefaction and lifeline performance during past earthquakes, vol 1. NGL: An Open Source Global Database for Even if noticeable damage is not induced in the main body of bridge, damage to the approach resulted in complete impairment of the functioning of the bridge. Hamada M, Yasuda S, Wakamatsu K (1992) Large ground deformation and their effects on lifelines: 1964 Niigata earthquake.
The effect of liquefaction may include major sliding of soil towards the body slumping and of water, as in the 1957 Lake Merced or more modest movements that produce tension cracks such as those on the banks of Motagua River following the 1976 Guatemala Earthquake.
This service is more advanced with JavaScript availableOver 10 million scientific documents at your fingertipsLiquefaction-induced large ground displacements and their caused damage to buried lifeline facilities and foundations of structures during past worldwide earthquakes, such as the 1964 Niigata, 1971 San Fernando and 1999 Kocaeri, Turkey earthquakes, are introduced. The buried concrete pipes ruptured with fissures of subsoil and the cables in the pipes were ruptured and exposed. Detailed soil investigations were conducted by means of the standard penetration test and Dutch cone penetration test, together with sampling by means of the large diameter sampler and Osterberg type piston sampler at two sites in the city of Niigata, Japan; one where liquefaction type failure had occurred, and the other where liquefaction type failure had not occurred during the 1964 earthquake. Right: During the 1964 Niigata earthquake in Japan, liquefaction caused large areas to subside by up to 4 feet. Undisturbed loose samples of sand were tested in the laboratory using the cyclic triaxial test apparatus. Let us consider some typical examples:However at different location, there was damage to Shimohama wharf in Akita Port during same earthquake where similar type of steel sheet pile was used as in Ohama Wharf. The cyclic strength thus determined at each depth of the deposits at the two sites was incorporated into the simple liquefaction analysis which was carried out on the basis of the ground surface acceleration records obtained at the basement of a nearby apartment building during the 1964 earthquake. The cyclic strength thus determined at each depth of the deposits at the two sites was incorporated into the simple liquefaction analysis which was carried out on the basis of the ground surface acceleration records obtained at the basement of a nearby apartment building during the 1964 earthquake. The worldwide growth in container handling and other ship traffic leads to enormous challenges for harbor construction.
Current design methods for evaluating permanent, seismically-induced deformations of earth structures are based on 1, Japanese Case Studies, O'Rourke and Hamada (ed.)
Case Studies of Liquefaction in the 1964 Niigata Earthquake. Primary reason for this damage was liquefaction induced by permanent ground displacement.These two examples indicate that fixing condition of the anchors is an important factor regarding stability of quay walls. Port and wharf facilities are often located in areas susceptible to liquefaction, and many are damaged by liquefaction in past earthquakes.
There was reduction of subgrade bearing capacity for the bridge pile foundation; and in addition, the permanent soil displacement to center of river began to act as a new lateral force on the pile foundation causing yielding of the foundation piles.There was also damage to an approach to the Showa Bridge during the same earthquake. Liquefaction (NGL) Case History Database Structure.
Structures with bulk unit weight lower than that of the liquefied soil are lifted up during liquefaction.As liquefaction occurs in saturated soil, its effects are most commonly observed in low-lying areas near bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, bays and oceans.
Damages to buildings supported by piles of around 11 m depth, was minor. The mechanism of the flow of liquefied soil, resulting in large ground displacements is discussed by case studies and experiments, and the methods to estimate the magnitude of the ground displacements are explained. 3.1–3.123 . 1 Introduction. This volume concentrates on earthquake-induced ground deformation in Japan, and consists of case histories of the: 1) 1923 Kanto earthquake, 2) 1948 Fukui earthquake, 3) 1964 Niigata earthquake, 4) 1983 Nihonkai-Chubu earthquake, and 5) 1990 Luzon, Philippines earthquake. These damages are commonly due to soil liquefaction and the associated impact of ground failures on abutments and pile foundations. For this quay wall, the foundation soil supporting its anchor did not liquefy and the top part of the sheet pile wall supported by anchor was barely displaced. Thus even pile foundation may fail during liquefaction.A typical example is Showa bridge which was severely damaged during the Niigata earthquake. Technical Report NCEER-92-0001, NCEER, Buffalo, NY, pp. Soil liquefaction has caused major damage during past earthquakes.
Case Studies of Liquefaction in the 1964 Niigata Earthquake Kenji Ishihara, Professor of Civil Engineering 1 Yasuyuki Koga, Chief Research Engineer 2 1 University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo. The quay wall was a steel sheet pile type.
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